Spring Security是一个能够为基于Spring的企业应用系统提供声明式的安全访问控制解决方案的安全框架。它提供了一组可以在Spring应用上下文中配置的Bean,充分利用了Spring IoC,DI(控制反转Inversion of Control ,DI:Dependency Injection 依赖注入)和AOP(面向切面编程)功能,为应用系统提供声明式的安全访问控制功能,减少了为企业系统安全控制编写大量重复代码的工作。它是一个轻量级的安全框架,它确保基于Spring的应用程序提供身份验证和授权支持。它与Spring MVC有很好地集成,并配备了流行的安全算法实现捆绑在一起。安全主要包括两个操作“认证”与“验证”(有时候也会叫做权限控制)。“认证”是为用户建立一个其声明的角色的过程,这个角色可以一个用户、一个设备或者一个系统。“验证”指的是一个用户在你的应用中能够执行某个操作。在到达授权判断之前,角色已经在身份认证过程中建立了。

本文着重于理解 Spring Security的执行过程,具体的源码可以参考
https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/lpznrVx6Bh9X7ZnunrWQSA?

个人对Spring Security的执行过程大致理解(仅供参考)
在这里插入图片描述
Spring Security的核心配置类是 WebSecurityConfigurerAdapter,抽象类
这是权限管理启动的入口,这里我们自定义一个实现类去它。然后编写我们需要处理的控制逻辑。
下面是代码,里面写的注释也比较详细。在里面还依赖了几个自定义的类,都是必须配置的。分别是
HrService,
MyFilterInvocationSecurityMetadataSource,
MyAccessDecisionManager,

MyAccessDeniedHandler,
MyAuthenticationFailureHandler,
MyAuthenticationSuccessHandler,
MyLogoutSuccessHandler
后面会分别解析它们

import com.galen.security.service.HrService;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.security.config.annotation.ObjectPostProcessor;
import org.springframework.security.config.annotation.authentication.builders.AuthenticationManagerBuilder;
import org.springframework.security.config.annotation.method.configuration.EnableGlobalMethodSecurity;
import org.springframework.security.config.annotation.web.builders.HttpSecurity;
import org.springframework.security.config.annotation.web.builders.WebSecurity;
import org.springframework.security.config.annotation.web.configuration.WebSecurityConfigurerAdapter;
import org.springframework.security.crypto.bcrypt.BCryptPasswordEncoder;
import org.springframework.security.web.access.intercept.FilterSecurityInterceptor;

/**
 * @Author: Galen
 * @Date: 2019/3/27-14:43
 * @Description: spring-security权限管理的核心配置
 **/
@Configuration
@EnableGlobalMethodSecurity(prePostEnabled = true) //全局
public class WebSecurityConfig extends WebSecurityConfigurerAdapter {
    @Autowired
    private HrService hrService;  //实现了UserDetailsService接口
    @Autowired
    private MyFilterInvocationSecurityMetadataSource filterMetadataSource; //权限过滤器(当前url所需要的访问权限)
    @Autowired
    private MyAccessDecisionManager myAccessDecisionManager;//权限决策器
    @Autowired
    private MyAccessDeniedHandler deniedHandler;//自定义错误(403)返回数据

    /**
     * @Author: Galen
     * @Description: 配置userDetails的数据源,密码加密格式
     * @Date: 2019/3/28-9:24
     * @Param: [auth]
     * @return: void
     **/
    @Override
    protected void configure(AuthenticationManagerBuilder auth) throws Exception {
        auth.userDetailsService(hrService)
                .passwordEncoder(new BCryptPasswordEncoder());
    }

    /**
     * @Author: Galen
     * @Description: 配置放行的资源
     * @Date: 2019/3/28-9:23
     * @Param: [web]
     * @return: void
     **/
    @Override
    public void configure(WebSecurity web) throws Exception {
        web.ignoring().antMatchers("/index.html", "/static/**", "/login_p", "/favicon.ico")
                // 给 swagger 放行;不需要权限能访问的资源
                .antMatchers("/swagger-ui.html", "/swagger-resources/**", "/images/**", "/webjars/**", "/v2/api-docs", "/configuration/ui", "/configuration/security");
    }

    /**
     * @Author: Galen
     * @Description: HttpSecurity包含了原数据(主要是url)
     * 通过withObjectPostProcessor将MyFilterInvocationSecurityMetadataSource和MyAccessDecisionManager注入进来
     * 此url先被MyFilterInvocationSecurityMetadataSource处理,然后 丢给 MyAccessDecisionManager处理
     * 如果不匹配,返回 MyAccessDeniedHandler
     * @Date: 2019/3/27-17:41
     * @Param: [http]
     * @return: void
     **/
    @Override
    protected void configure(HttpSecurity http) throws Exception {
        http.authorizeRequests()
                .withObjectPostProcessor(new ObjectPostProcessor<FilterSecurityInterceptor>() {
                    @Override
                    public <O extends FilterSecurityInterceptor> O postProcess(O o) {
                        o.setSecurityMetadataSource(filterMetadataSource);
                        o.setAccessDecisionManager(myAccessDecisionManager);
                        return o;
                    }
                })
                .and()
                .formLogin().loginPage("/login_p").loginProcessingUrl("/login")
                .usernameParameter("username").passwordParameter("password")
                .failureHandler(new MyAuthenticationFailureHandler())
                .successHandler(new MyAuthenticationSuccessHandler())
                .permitAll()
                .and()
                .logout()
                .logoutUrl("/logout")
                .logoutSuccessHandler(new MyLogoutSuccessHandler())
                .permitAll()
                .and().csrf().disable()
                .exceptionHandling().accessDeniedHandler(deniedHandler);
    }
}

1.HrService
HrService实现了UserDetailsService接口中的loadUserByUsername方法,方法执行成功后返回UserDetails对象,为构建Authentication对象提供必须的信息。UserDetails中包含了用户名,密码,角色等信息

@Service
@Transactional
public class HrService implements UserDetailsService {

    @Autowired
    private HrMapper hrMapper;

    /**
     * @Author: Galen
     * @Description: 实现了UserDetailsService接口中的loadUserByUsername方法
     * 执行登录,构建Authentication对象必须的信息,
     * 如果用户不存在,则抛出UsernameNotFoundException异常
     * @Date: 2019/3/27-16:04
     * @Param: [s]
     * @return: org.springframework.security.core.userdetails.UserDetails
     **/
    @Override
    public UserDetails loadUserByUsername(String s) throws UsernameNotFoundException {
        /**
         * @Author: Galen
         * @Description: 查询数据库,获取登录的用户信息
         **/
        Hr hr = hrMapper.loadUserByUsername(s);
        if (hr == null) {
            throw new UsernameNotFoundException("用户名不对");
        }
        return hr;
    }
}

2.MyFilterInvocationSecurityMetadataSource
自定义权限过滤器,继承了 SecurityMetadataSource(权限资源接口),过滤所有请求,核查这个请求需要的访问权限;主要实现Collection<ConfigAttribute> getAttributes(Object o)方法,此方法中可编写用户逻辑,根据用户预先设定的用户权限列表,返回访问此url需要的权限列表。

package com.galen.security.interceptor;

import com.galen.security.pojo.Menu;
import com.galen.security.model.Role;
import com.galen.security.service.MenuService;
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.security.access.ConfigAttribute;
import org.springframework.security.access.SecurityConfig;
import org.springframework.security.web.FilterInvocation;
import org.springframework.security.web.access.intercept.FilterInvocationSecurityMetadataSource;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
import org.springframework.util.AntPathMatcher;

import java.util.Collection;
import java.util.List;

/**
 * @Author: Galen
 * @Date: 2019/3/27-16:54
 * @Description: FilterInvocationSecurityMetadataSource(权限资源过滤器接口)继承了 SecurityMetadataSource(权限资源接口)
 * Spring Security是通过SecurityMetadataSource来加载访问时所需要的具体权限;Metadata是元数据的意思。
 * 自定义权限资源过滤器,实现动态的权限验证
 * 它的主要责任就是当访问一个url时,返回这个url所需要的访问权限
 **/
@Component
public class MyFilterInvocationSecurityMetadataSource implements FilterInvocationSecurityMetadataSource {
    @Autowired
    private MenuService menuService;

    private AntPathMatcher antPathMatcher = new AntPathMatcher();

    private static final Logger log = LoggerFactory.getLogger(MyFilterInvocationSecurityMetadataSource.class);

    /**
     * @Author: Galen
     * @Description: 返回本次访问需要的权限,可以有多个权限
     * @Date: 2019/3/27-17:11
     * @Param: [o]
     * @return: java.util.Collection<org.springframework.security.access.ConfigAttribute>
     **/
    @Override
    public Collection<ConfigAttribute> getAttributes(Object o) {
        String requestUrl = ((FilterInvocation) o).getRequestUrl();
        //去数据库查询资源
        List<Menu> allMenu = menuService.getAllMenu();
        for (Menu menu : allMenu) {
            if (antPathMatcher.match(menu.getUrl(), requestUrl)
                    && menu.getRoles().size() > 0) {
                List<Role> roles = menu.getRoles();
                int size = roles.size();
                String[] values = new String[size];
                for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) {
                    values[i] = roles.get(i).getName();
                }
                log.info("当前访问路径是{},这个url所需要的访问权限是{}", requestUrl, values);
                return SecurityConfig.createList(values);
            }
        }
        /**
         * @Author: Galen
         * @Description: 如果本方法返回null的话,意味着当前这个请求不需要任何角色就能访问
         * 此处做逻辑控制,如果没有匹配上的,返回一个默认具体权限,防止漏缺资源配置
         **/
        log.info("当前访问路径是{},这个url所需要的访问权限是{}", requestUrl, "ROLE_LOGIN");
        return SecurityConfig.createList("ROLE_LOGIN");
    }

    /**
     * @Author: Galen
     * @Description: 此处方法如果做了实现,返回了定义的权限资源列表,
     * Spring Security会在启动时校验每个ConfigAttribute是否配置正确,
     * 如果不需要校验,这里实现方法,方法体直接返回null即可。
     * @Date: 2019/3/27-17:12
     * @Param: []
     * @return: java.util.Collection<org.springframework.security.access.ConfigAttribute>
     **/
    @Override
    public Collection<ConfigAttribute> getAllConfigAttributes() {
        return null;
    }

    /**
     * @Author: Galen
     * @Description: 方法返回类对象是否支持校验,
     * web项目一般使用FilterInvocation来判断,或者直接返回true
     * @Date: 2019/3/27-17:14
     * @Param: [aClass]
     * @return: boolean
     **/
    @Override
    public boolean supports(Class<?> aClass) {
        return FilterInvocation.class.isAssignableFrom(aClass);
    }
}

3.MyAccessDecisionManager
自定义权限决策管理器,需要实现AccessDecisionManager 的 void decide(Authentication auth, Object object, Collection<ConfigAttribute> cas) 方法,在上面的过滤器中,我们已经得到了访问此url需要的权限;那么,decide方法,先查询此用户当前拥有的权限,然后与上面过滤器核查出来的权限列表作对比,以此判断此用户是否具有这个访问权限,决定去留!所以顾名思义为权限决策器。

package com.galen.security.interceptor;

import org.springframework.security.access.AccessDecisionManager;
import org.springframework.security.access.AccessDeniedException;
import org.springframework.security.access.ConfigAttribute;
import org.springframework.security.authentication.AnonymousAuthenticationToken;
import org.springframework.security.authentication.BadCredentialsException;
import org.springframework.security.core.Authentication;
import org.springframework.security.core.GrantedAuthority;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;

import java.util.Collection;
import java.util.Iterator;

/**
 * @Author: Galen
 * @Date: 2019/3/27-16:59
 * @Description: Decision决定的意思。
 * 有了权限资源(MyFilterInvocationSecurityMetadataSource),知道了当前访问的url需要的具体权限,接下来就是决策当前的访问是否能通过权限验证了
 * MyAccessDecisionManager 自定义权限决策管理器
 **/
@Component
public class MyAccessDecisionManager implements AccessDecisionManager {
    /**
     * @Author: Galen
     * @Description: 取当前用户的权限与这次请求的这个url需要的权限作对比,决定是否放行
     * auth 包含了当前的用户信息,包括拥有的权限,即之前UserDetailsService登录时候存储的用户对象
     * object 就是FilterInvocation对象,可以得到request等web资源。
     * configAttributes 是本次访问需要的权限。即上一步的 MyFilterInvocationSecurityMetadataSource 中查询核对得到的权限列表
     * @Date: 2019/3/27-17:18
     * @Param: [auth, object, cas]
     * @return: void
     **/
    @Override
    public void decide(Authentication auth, Object object, Collection<ConfigAttribute> cas) {
        Iterator<ConfigAttribute> iterator = cas.iterator();
        while (iterator.hasNext()) {
            if (auth == null) {
                throw new AccessDeniedException("当前访问没有权限");
            }
            ConfigAttribute ca = iterator.next();
            //当前请求需要的权限
            String needRole = ca.getAttribute();
            if ("ROLE_LOGIN".equals(needRole)) {
                if (auth instanceof AnonymousAuthenticationToken) {
                    throw new BadCredentialsException("未登录");
                } else
                    return;
            }
            //当前用户所具有的权限
            Collection<? extends GrantedAuthority> authorities = auth.getAuthorities();
            for (GrantedAuthority authority : authorities) {
                if (authority.getAuthority().equals(needRole)) {
                    return;
                }
            }
        }
        throw new AccessDeniedException("权限不足!");
    }

    @Override
    public boolean supports(ConfigAttribute configAttribute) {
        return true;
    }

    @Override
    public boolean supports(Class<?> aClass) {
        return true;
    }
}

4.MyAccessDeniedHandler;MyAuthenticationFailureHandler;MyAuthenticationSuccessHandler;MyLogoutSuccessHandler
之所以一起描述这几个类,因为这几个都是处理器。根据类名也很容易看得出,分别是拒签(403响应)处理器,认证失败处理器,认证成功处理器,注销成功处理器。通过上面的用户认证接口(UserDetails),过滤器,决策器;我们已经成功处理了权限的认证,决定当前用户的去留,然后不同的逻辑启用不同的处理器。

    /**
     * @Author: Galen
     * @Date: 2019/3/27-17:36
     * @Description: Denied是拒签的意思
     * 此处我们可以自定义403响应的内容,让他返回我们的错误逻辑提示
     **/
    public class MyAccessDeniedHandler implements AccessDeniedHandler {
        @Override
        public void handle(HttpServletRequest httpServletRequest, HttpServletResponse resp,
                           AccessDeniedException e) throws IOException {
            resp.setStatus(HttpServletResponse.SC_FORBIDDEN);
            resp.setContentType("application/json;charset=UTF-8");
            PrintWriter out = resp.getWriter();
            RespBean error = RespBean.error("权限不足,请联系管理员!");
            out.write(new ObjectMapper().writeValueAsString(error));
            out.flush();
            out.close();
        }
    }

/*****************************************************************************************/

/**
 * @Author: Galen
 * @Date: 2019/3/28-9:17
 * @Description: 认证失败的处理
 **/
public class MyAuthenticationFailureHandler implements AuthenticationFailureHandler {

    @Override
    public void onAuthenticationFailure(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, AuthenticationException exception) throws IOException, ServletException {
        response.setContentType("application/json;charset=utf-8");
        RespBean respBean;
        if (exception instanceof BadCredentialsException ||
                exception instanceof UsernameNotFoundException) {
            respBean = RespBean.error("账户名或者密码输入错误!");
        } else if (exception instanceof LockedException) {
            respBean = RespBean.error("账户被锁定,请联系管理员!");
        } else if (exception instanceof CredentialsExpiredException) {
            respBean = RespBean.error("密码过期,请联系管理员!");
        } else if (exception instanceof AccountExpiredException) {
            respBean = RespBean.error("账户过期,请联系管理员!");
        } else if (exception instanceof DisabledException) {
            respBean = RespBean.error("账户被禁用,请联系管理员!");
        } else {
            respBean = RespBean.error("登录失败!");
        }
        response.setStatus(401);
        new GalenWebMvcWrite().writeToWeb(response, respBean);
    }
}

/*****************************************************************************************/

/**
 * @Author: Galen
 * @Date: 2019/3/28-9:17
 * @Description: 认证成功的处理
 **/
public class MyAuthenticationSuccessHandler implements AuthenticationSuccessHandler {
    
        @Override
        public void onAuthenticationSuccess(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Authentication authentication) throws IOException, ServletException {
            response.setContentType("application/json;charset=utf-8");
            RespBean respBean = RespBean.ok("登录成功!", HrUtils.getCurrentHr());
            new GalenWebMvcWrite().writeToWeb(response, respBean);
            System.out.println("登录成功!");
        }
    }

/*****************************************************************************************/

/**
 * @Author: Galen
 * @Date: 2019/3/28-9:21
 * @Description: 注销登录处理
 **/
public class MyLogoutSuccessHandler implements LogoutSuccessHandler {

    @Override
    public void onLogoutSuccess(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Authentication authentication) throws IOException, ServletException {
        response.setContentType("application/json;charset=utf-8");
        RespBean respBean = RespBean.ok("注销成功!");
        new GalenWebMvcWrite().writeToWeb(response, respBean);
        System.out.println("注销成功!");
    }
}

5.项目结构一览

在这里插入图片描述

6.分布式系统中,采用redis做共享会话,解决共享会话的问题
spring security将sessionId放在header里,用户登陆后,如何通过sessionId保证已经登陆呢
解决办法如下:(来源:https://www.jianshu.com/p/05670e09b395)

@Configuration
//maxInactiveIntervalInSeconds session超时时间,单位秒
@EnableRedisHttpSession(maxInactiveIntervalInSeconds = 600)
public class RedisSessionConfig {
    //这里有个小坑,如果服务器用的是云服务器,不加这个会报错
    @Bean
    public static ConfigureRedisAction configureRedisAction() {
        return ConfigureRedisAction.NO_OP;
    }
    //session策略,这里配置的是Header方式(有提供Header,Cookie等方式)
    @Bean
    public HttpSessionStrategy httpSessionStrategy() {
        return new HeaderHttpSessionStrategy();
    }
}

从代码中,关键是HeaderHttpSessionStrategy,该代码定义了如果sessionId存在header里,且key为x-auth-token,就能保证调用的正确性

git仓库地址:https://github.com/zhaoxichen/spring-security.git

如需补充可加branch;大家相互学习,一起进步!

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